Atrens D M, Williams M P, Brady C J, Hunt G E
Behav Brain Res. 1982 Jun;5(2):131-42. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(82)90048-1.
The effects of negative energy balance on self-stimulation are a matter of considerable disagreement. This disagreement undoubtedly reflects the inadequacies of the continuous reinforcement self-stimulation procedures used in this type of experimentation. The present experiment uses a new fixed-interval reinforcement shuttle-box procedure which provides indices of reward and stimulation escape that are free from the numerous performance altering effects that confound continuous reinforcement performance. Whereas 24 h of food deprivation had no effect on stimulation initiation or escape rates, 48 h of food deprivation selectively increased initiation rates. The enhancement of reward was seen over virtually the entire anterior-posterior extent of the lateral hypothalamus and occurred irrespective of the occurrence of any stimulus-bound behaviors. Thus negative energy balance appears to selectively increase the excitability of reward-related neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. The self-stimulating rats became clearly hyperphagic, yet their weight gains were not significantly different from those of controls. The self-stimulation must, therefore, have greatly increased energy expenditure. Thus, not only does energy balance affect self-stimulation, but self-stimulation appears to affect energy balance.
负能量平衡对自我刺激的影响存在相当大的争议。这种争议无疑反映了这类实验中所使用的连续强化自我刺激程序的不足之处。本实验采用了一种新的固定间隔强化穿梭箱程序，该程序提供了奖励和刺激逃避的指标，这些指标不受众多混淆连续强化表现的改变行为效应的影响。虽然24小时的食物剥夺对刺激启动或逃避率没有影响，但48小时的食物剥夺选择性地提高了启动率。奖励增强几乎出现在下丘脑外侧的整个前后范围内，并且与任何刺激相关行为的发生无关。因此，负能量平衡似乎选择性地增加了下丘脑外侧与奖励相关神经元的兴奋性。自我刺激的大鼠明显变得食欲亢进，但其体重增加与对照组没有显著差异。因此，自我刺激必定极大地增加了能量消耗。因此，不仅能量平衡影响自我刺激，而且自我刺激似乎也影响能量平衡。
