Penttilä A
Forensic Sci Int. 1980 Nov-Dec;16(3):249-59. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(80)90210-8.
The purpose of this analysis was to study the proportion of deaths in the forensic autopsy service that occur in the absence of any witnesses and what is the incidence of the witnessed sudden and unexpected natural deaths. The material comprised all 799 adult males (25--64 years) autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki in 1976. In 350 (43.8%) cases the deceased was found dead. Of these unwitnessed deaths 205 were due to various non-natural causes whereas 125 were due to diseases. The incidence of unwitnessed natural death in the province of Uusimaa from which the autopsies came was 45.1 and that of witnessed instant (death within 10 minutes) natural death 33.2 per 100 000 of the respective male population, corresponding to 6.2% and 4.5% of all natural deaths of males in this age group. Cardiovascular and especially ischaemic heart diseases comprised the major proportion of all unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths, whereas pneumonia was the leading category in the remaining cases. Quite often (17.4%) chronic alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver or moderate alcohol intoxication were recorded as contributing factors to the unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths from cardiovascular and other diseases.
本分析的目的是研究法医尸检服务中无任何证人在场情况下的死亡比例，以及有证人在场的突然和意外自然死亡的发生率。材料包括1976年在赫尔辛基大学法医学系接受尸检的所有799名成年男性（25 - 64岁）。在350例（43.8%）案件中，死者被发现已死亡。在这些无证人在场的死亡案例中，205例是由于各种非自然原因，而125例是由于疾病。进行尸检的新地区无证人在场的自然死亡发生率为每10万男性人口中有45.1例，有证人在场的即时（10分钟内死亡）自然死亡发生率为每10万男性人口中有33.2例，分别占该年龄组男性所有自然死亡的6.2%和4.5%。心血管疾病，尤其是缺血性心脏病，在所有无证人在场以及突然和意外的自然死亡中占主要比例，而在其余案例中肺炎是主要死因。相当常见的情况（17.4%）是，慢性酒精中毒、肝硬化或中度酒精中毒被记录为导致心血管疾病和其他疾病无证人在场以及突然和意外自然死亡的因素。
