Passarge E, Vogel F
Hum Genet. 1980;56(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00281565.
Organizational forms and the current status of genetic counseling within the health care system of 15 European countries were evaluated by questionnaire and at a symposium, with individuals present from Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. In spite of wide differences between these countries, certain similarities with respect to the delivery of genetic counseling services could be observed: (i) most genetic counseling is done within university institutions or closely linked to it, (ii) governmental support of genetic counseling is developing slowly, and genetic counseling is usually not yet fully integrated into the health care system; (iii) there is lack of qualified personnel; (iv) no guide lines for formal education have been developed, but a postgraduate training period of no less than four years is considered a minimum; (v) without appropriate support, genetic counseling is a burden for research in human genetics; yet, a strict separation of genetic counseling and research activities is not recommended; (vi) on the average, a team providing genetic counseling for about 1-2 million people should consist of 3--4 physicians, 5-10 technicians, 2-3 secretaries, and other supportive personnel.
通过问卷调查和一场研讨会，对15个欧洲国家医疗保健系统内遗传咨询的组织形式和现状进行了评估，参会人员来自奥地利、比利时、捷克斯洛伐克、丹麦、德意志联邦共和国、德意志民主共和国、芬兰、法国、匈牙利、意大利、荷兰、挪威、瑞士、英国和苏联。尽管这些国家之间存在很大差异，但在遗传咨询服务的提供方面仍可观察到某些相似之处：（i）大多数遗传咨询在大学机构内进行或与之紧密相关；（ii）政府对遗传咨询的支持发展缓慢，遗传咨询通常尚未完全融入医疗保健系统；（iii）缺乏合格人员；（iv）尚未制定正规教育的指导方针，但研究生培训期不少于四年被视为最低要求；（v）在没有适当支持的情况下，遗传咨询对人类遗传学研究来说是一种负担；然而，不建议将遗传咨询与研究活动严格分开；（vi）平均而言，为大约100万至200万人提供遗传咨询的团队应包括3至4名医生、5至10名技术人员、2至3名秘书和其他支持人员。
