Cockerham W C, Creditor M C, Creditor U K, Imrey P B
Med Care. 1980 Feb;18(2):164-73. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198002000-00003.
This study examined the illness behavior of a sample (n = 375) of physicians in regard to the treatment of their own minor ailments. The symptoms for each of 13 minor ailments were clearly worded to describe a common ailment which in the normal course of events should disappear if left untreated. For 3 of the ailments, however, there was a high frequency of physician-dependent action; 4 other ailments showed a moderate frequency of physician-dependent action. Assuming that physicians are role models for illness behavior, in the sense that they have the authority to define what illness "is" and that they will then do what they have think "best," this sample of physicians is implicitly demonstrating what lay persons should do. These data suggest that the normative expectation to seek professional assistance (a medical solution) is reinforced by physicians through their own behavior.
本研究调查了375名医生在治疗自身轻微疾病方面的患病行为。13种轻微疾病的每种症状都有清晰的描述，以说明一种常见疾病，在正常情况下若不治疗应会自行消失。然而，对于其中3种疾病，医生依赖行为的频率较高；另外4种疾病显示出中度的医生依赖行为频率。假设医生是患病行为的榜样，即他们有权定义疾病“是什么”，然后会去做他们认为“最好”的事情，那么这组医生样本就在含蓄地示范外行人应该怎么做。这些数据表明，寻求专业帮助（医疗解决方案）的规范性期望通过医生自身的行为得到了强化。
