Hanken J, Sherman P W
Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):351-3. doi: 10.1126/science.7209536.
Sexually receptive female Spermophilus beldingi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) usually mate with several different males. The paternity of 27 litters born in 1977 and 1978 was ascertained by combining field observations of mating with laboratory paternity exclusion analyses. Most of the litters (78 percent) were multiply sired, usually by two or three males. This may be the highest frequency of multiple paternity ever directly demonstrated in a natural population.
处于发情期的雌性白尾地松鼠（啮齿目：松鼠科）通常会与几只不同的雄性交配。通过结合野外交配观察与实验室亲权排除分析，确定了1977年和1978年出生的27窝幼崽的父系。大多数幼崽窝（78%）是由多个雄性授精的，通常是两到三只雄性。这可能是自然种群中直接证明的多重父权的最高频率。
