Bishop D V, Butterworth G E
Cortex. 1980 Oct;16(3):375-89. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(80)80039-6.
169 unselected children were given the WPPSI at 4 1/2 years and the WISC-R at 8 1/2 years. Retrospective data on perinatal risk factors and neurological disease in childhood were collected. Verbal-performance discrepancies at 4 1/2 years were not related to perinatal risk, childhood neurological disease, left-handedness or subsequent reading ability. A weak relationship was found between WISC-R verbal-performance discrepancies and perinatal history. At 8 1/2 years, VIQ correlated much more strongly with reading ability than did PIQ. Consequently, the relationship between verbal-performance discrepancy and specific reading retardation depends critically on how reading retardation is defined. Logical problems concerning the definition of specific reading retardation are discussed.
169名未经挑选的儿童在4岁半时接受了韦氏幼儿智力量表（WPPSI）测试，在8岁半时接受了韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（WISC-R）测试。收集了围产期危险因素和儿童期神经疾病的回顾性数据。4岁半时的言语-操作差异与围产期风险、儿童期神经疾病、左利手或随后的阅读能力无关。发现韦氏儿童智力量表修订版的言语-操作差异与围产期病史之间存在微弱的关系。在8岁半时，言语智商（VIQ）与阅读能力的相关性比操作智商（PIQ）更强。因此，言语-操作差异与特定阅读障碍之间的关系严重取决于特定阅读障碍的定义方式。讨论了有关特定阅读障碍定义的逻辑问题。
