Cudmore R E, Vivori E
Prog Pediatr Surg. 1981;14:173-88.
Children with a history of exposure to smoke in a confined space or showing soot or burns, however minimal, on the face should be admitted to hospital. Respiratory distress may be delayed, but if it is progressive the patient should be curarized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Ventilation should be continued for a minimum of 48 hours, followed by 24 hours of spontaneous respiration against a positive airway pressure. It treatment is stopped sooner, a recurrence of stridor and pulmonary oedema is likely. It is mandatory to pass an endotracheal tube small enough to allow a leak between it and the oedematous mucosa, in order that laryngeal damage and subsequent subglottic stenosis may be avoided. It is important tu use high humidity of inspired gases to keep secretions fluid and the endotracheal tube patent. Dexamethasone should be given to minimise cerebral oedema and antibiotics to reduce the incidence of chest infections.
有在密闭空间接触烟雾史或面部有烟尘或烧伤（无论多么轻微）的儿童都应住院治疗。呼吸窘迫可能会延迟出现，但如果呈进行性发展，患者应进行箭毒化、插管并进行机械通气。通气应持续至少48小时，随后进行24小时的自主呼吸对抗气道正压。如果治疗停止得过早，可能会再次出现喘鸣和肺水肿。必须插入一根足够小的气管内导管，使其与水肿的黏膜之间存在漏气，以避免喉部损伤和随后的声门下狭窄。使用高湿度的吸入气体以保持分泌物呈液体状态并使气管内导管通畅很重要。应给予地塞米松以尽量减少脑水肿，并给予抗生素以降低胸部感染的发生率。
