Deitrich R A, McClearn G E
Fed Proc. 1981 May 15;40(7):2051-5.
In contrast to humans, most animals will not voluntarily consume alcohol to the point of intoxication nor to the point of development of tolerance and physical dependence. Since there is good evidence for a genetic component to human alcoholism, we explore the possibility that the presence of alcohol in the environment during human evolution has contributed to this difference in behavior from that observed in lower animals. We then review the biologic basis for genetic influences on various aspects of alcohol-related behaviors in both humans and lower animals. Thus, the evidence for genetic influences on rate of alcohol metabolism, preference, central nervous system depressant effects. tolerance, and dependence are briefly reviewed. The technique of selective breeding for alcohol-related behavior is described and compared to the process of natural selection that may be occurring in the human population.
与人类不同，大多数动物不会自愿摄入酒精直至醉酒，也不会发展到产生耐受性和身体依赖性的程度。由于有充分证据表明人类酗酒存在遗传因素，我们探讨了人类进化过程中环境中酒精的存在导致与低等动物行为差异的可能性。然后我们回顾了遗传因素对人类和低等动物酒精相关行为各个方面影响的生物学基础。因此，简要回顾了遗传因素对酒精代谢率、偏好、中枢神经系统抑制作用、耐受性和依赖性影响的证据。描述了针对酒精相关行为的选择性育种技术，并将其与可能在人类群体中发生的自然选择过程进行了比较。
