Verhoeven W M, van Praag H M, de Jong J T
Neuropsychobiology. 1981;7(3):159-68. doi: 10.1159/000117845.
Since 1975, different morphinomimetic peptides have been isolated from hypophyseal-hypothalamic extracts: the pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin, and the longer peptides alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphin. The primary structure of most of these peptides is also present in that of beta-lipotropin. The morphinomimetic properties of endorphins can be blocked with opiate-antagonists. In rats, moreover, the endorphins influence behavior which cannot be blocked with opiate antagonists. On the basis of the hypothesis that hyperactivity of endorphin systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and manic syndromes, the effect of opiate antagonists on psychotic and manic symptoms has been examined in a number of clinical studies in the past few years. A transient therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in about 30% of the patients so treated. Our own double-blind controlled study of 5 schizophrenic and 5 manic patients in the context of a World Health Organization project failed to reveal any therapeutic effect after subcutaneous injection of 20 mg naloxone. The possible reasons of the negative results are discussed.
自1975年以来，已从垂体 - 下丘脑提取物中分离出不同的类吗啡肽：五肽甲硫氨酸脑啡肽和亮氨酸脑啡肽，以及更长的肽α -、β - 和γ - 内啡肽。这些肽中的大多数的一级结构也存在于β - 促脂素中。内啡肽的类吗啡特性可用阿片拮抗剂阻断。此外，在大鼠中，内啡肽影响的行为不能被阿片拮抗剂阻断。基于内啡肽系统功能亢进可能参与精神分裂症和躁狂综合征发病机制的假说，在过去几年的一些临床研究中研究了阿片拮抗剂对精神病性和躁狂症状的影响。在接受如此治疗的患者中约30%已证明有短暂的治疗效果。在世界卫生组织项目背景下，我们自己对5名精神分裂症患者和5名躁狂患者进行的双盲对照研究，在皮下注射20mg纳洛酮后未发现任何治疗效果。讨论了结果为阴性的可能原因。
