Walker E F, Cudeck R, Mednick S A, Schulsinger F
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1981 Feb;63(2):95-109. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00656.x.
Longitudinal data on 207 Danish subjects at high-risk for schizophrenia (they have schizophrenic mothers) were examined to assess the direct and indirect effects of parental absence and institutionalization on the development of schizophrenic symptomatology. Information on the amount of parental absence and institutional child care during the first through 10th year was collected in 1962. A psychiatric evaluation, consisting of a standardized interview and two questionnaires (PSE and CAPPS), was administered to the subjects in 1972. Factors were constructed relating to eight clinical symptoms from the interview and questionnaires. Path analyses were performed separately for males and females with maternal absence, paternal absence and institutionalization as the predictors and the clinical syndromes as the dependent variables. The analyses showed both direct effects of parental absence and indirect effects mediated by institutionalization. For males, the absence of a schizophrenic mother was related to decreased symptomatology, but only when it did not result in institutionalization. Institutionalization was related to increased symptoms in males but not females. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and explanations are offered for the differential effects by sex.
对207名有精神分裂症高风险的丹麦受试者（他们的母亲患有精神分裂症）的纵向数据进行了研究，以评估父母缺失和机构照料对精神分裂症症状发展的直接和间接影响。1962年收集了关于受试者在1至10岁期间父母缺失和机构照料情况的信息。1972年，对受试者进行了包括标准化访谈和两份问卷（PSE和CAPPS）的精神病学评估。根据访谈和问卷中的八种临床症状构建了相关因素。以母亲缺失、父亲缺失和机构照料为预测因素，以临床综合征为因变量，分别对男性和女性进行了路径分析。分析显示了父母缺失的直接影响以及由机构照料介导的间接影响。对于男性，精神分裂症母亲的缺失与症状减轻有关，但前提是这不会导致机构照料。机构照料与男性症状增加有关，但与女性无关。根据先前的研究对这些结果进行了讨论，并对性别差异效应给出了解释。
