[A surgical case with traumatic false aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery, ipsilateral chronic subdural hematoma and contralateral subdural hydroma and nontraumatic vertebrooccipital anastomosis (author's transl)].

A 48-year-old man with traumatic false aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery, ipsilateral chronic subdural hematoma, contralateral subdural hydroma, and nontraumatic vertebrooccipital anastomosis was reported with a review of the literature. Traumatic false aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery of 32 cases was already reported in the world, and traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery was found in 47 cases, but combination of the both is very rare and only 6 including ours have been found in the literature. In a case that a fracture line crosses over the middle meningeal artery, meningeal false aneurysm or arteriovenous fistula as well as epidural or subdural hematoma is supposed. Therefore common carotid angiography or selective carotid external angiography should be examined thinking of these above mentioned lesions. Comment was made from the anatomic, angiographic, and therapeutic point of view. In our case, the false aneurysms were removed while necessary ipsilateral craniotomy was performed for the chronic subdural hematoma. And operative and histological findings suggest the false aneurysms were on the way to spontaneous disappearance.