Meyer S M, Fraunfelder F T
Ophthalmology. 1980 Nov;87(11):1177-80. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35108-7.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a potent, effective, relatively safe drug with few ocular side effects. Side effects from topical instillation are uncommon but include severe systemic cardiovascular effects with elevated blood pressure and stroke. Ten percent phenylephrine should be used with caution in patients with known cardiac disease, hypertension, aneurysms, long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes, or advanced arteriosclerosis. A 2.5% concentration is generally indicated for ophthalmic examination as well as for use in infants and in the elderly. Phenylephrine should not be used in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, and it is also contraindicated in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants.
盐酸去氧肾上腺素是一种强效、有效且相对安全的药物，眼部副作用较少。局部滴注引起的副作用并不常见，但包括严重的全身性心血管效应，如血压升高和中风。已知患有心脏病、高血压、动脉瘤、长期胰岛素依赖型糖尿病或晚期动脉硬化的患者应谨慎使用10%的去氧肾上腺素。2.5%的浓度通常适用于眼科检查以及婴儿和老年人。窄角型青光眼患者不应使用去氧肾上腺素，服用单胺氧化酶抑制剂或三环类抗抑郁药的患者也禁用。
