Berguer R, Smit R
Surgery. 1981 Jun;89(6):764-9.
Experience with 22 consecutive thoracic sympathectomies is presented. Diagnoses included minor causalgia (12), mixed vasospastic and occlusive disease (4), Raynaud's disease (4), and frostbite with ulceration (2). The operation was a transaxillary resection of ganglia T2, T3, and T4. Both objective and subjective results indicate that this type of sympathectomy is as good as more extensive resections without the risk of a Horner's syndrome. Morbidity was minor but frequent and included dysesthesia, pneumothorax, and compensatory sweating. The success rate of 77%.