Nunneley S A, Stribley R F, Allan J R
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1981 May;52(5):287-90.
Heat stress can be a serious problem in aircraft flown at low altitudes in warm-to-hot environments. Data are reported here on 36 flights by F-4 aircraft at Eglin AFB, FL. Ground dry-bulb temperatures (Tdb,g) were 19-33 degrees C (mean 28 degrees C) with psychrometric wet-bulb temperatures (Twb) 14-24 degrees C (mean 20 degrees C). Environmental and physiological data were recorded in both front and rear cockpits at 2-min intervals throughout each mission, which simulated low-level ground attack and lasted 94-126 min. Data were analyzed for four phases. A) preflight taxi, B) low-level flight, C) ordnance delivery, and D) postflight taxi. Cockpit dry-bulb temperature (Tdb,c) exceeded Tdb,g during ground operations; the front cockpit cooled in flight, while the rear remained hot. Linear relationships appeared for Tdb,c vs. Tdb,g in the four mission phases, and for globe temperature vs. Tdb,c. Aircrew mean skin temperature was significantly related to Tdb,c, and core (ear canal) temperature rose slightly with heat stress. Sweat rates reflected both Tdb,c and clothing worn. Discussion covers differences in air conditioning in the two cockpits and possible consequences of the observed heat stress and physiological strain.
在温暖至炎热环境中低空飞行的飞机上，热应激可能是一个严重问题。本文报告了佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地F - 4飞机36次飞行的数据。地面干球温度（Tdb,g）为19 - 33摄氏度（平均28摄氏度），湿球温度（Twb）为14 - 24摄氏度（平均20摄氏度）。在每次模拟低空地面攻击且持续94 - 126分钟的任务过程中，每隔2分钟记录前舱和后舱的环境及生理数据。数据分四个阶段进行分析。A）飞行前滑行，B）低空飞行，C）武器投放，D）飞行后滑行。在地面操作期间，座舱干球温度（Tdb,c）超过Tdb,g；前舱在飞行中冷却，而后舱仍然很热。在四个任务阶段中，Tdb,c与Tdb,g之间以及黑球温度与Tdb,c之间呈现线性关系。机组人员的平均皮肤温度与Tdb,c显著相关，并且核心（耳道）温度随着热应激略有上升。出汗率反映了Tdb,c和所穿衣物情况。讨论涵盖了两个座舱空调的差异以及观察到的热应激和生理应变可能产生的后果。
