Kreel L, Bydder G M
J Comput Tomogr. 1980 Jun;4(2):105-15. doi: 10.1016/s0149-936x(80)80004-x.
Computed tomography is ideally suited for detecting mass lesions and for distinguishing "solid" from "cystic" masses. In the majority of cases, the recognition of fluid collections is unequivocal and lead to direct management decisions. Subphrenic, intrahepatic, and subhepatic abscesses can be recognized, aspirated, and drained. Using CT control, pancreatic pseudocysts can be managed similarly. Renal cysts can be accurately diagnosed with CT, especially with contrast enhancement, and then even the occasional case in which hydronephrosis may be a problem can be distinguished. Very occasionally, solid tumors containing mucinous material or lipoid can appear as cystic lesions, especially in the suprarenal, ovary, liver, or lymph nodes, and, conversely, abscesses may have higher tissue attenuation values, suggesting a solid lesion. It is most important to ensure that bowel is adequately labeled with contrast so that is is not misdiagnosed as a mass lesion.
计算机断层扫描非常适合检测肿块病变，并区分“实性”和“囊性”肿块。在大多数情况下，对液体积聚的识别是明确的，并能直接做出治疗决策。膈下、肝内和肝下脓肿能够被识别、抽吸和引流。借助CT引导，胰腺假性囊肿也可采用类似方法处理。肾囊肿通过CT能准确诊断，尤其是增强扫描时，这样即使偶尔出现肾盂积水问题的病例也能被鉴别出来。极少数情况下，含有黏液物质或类脂质的实性肿瘤可能表现为囊性病变，特别是在肾上腺、卵巢、肝脏或淋巴结处，相反，脓肿的组织衰减值可能较高，提示为实性病变。确保肠道用造影剂充分显影非常重要，以免被误诊为肿块病变。
