Medical technology and academic medicine: the doctor-producers' dilemma.

Diagnostic technologies differ from therapeutic technologies in several ways. Use of a diagnostic technologies is increasing faster than overall medical care. New diagnostic technologies tend to be additive and often have multiple uses. In evaluating their benefits, one should assess marginal, not absolute, utilities and measure clinical as well as financial costs. Although the use of therapeutic technologies is more circumscribed, these technologies tend to be in continuous evolution, especially when new. Comparative evaluations of therapeutic technologies are expensive and time-consuming. Pro-technology reimbursement biases may be the most important of the many factors promoting technology use. Academic medical centers, which have become increasingly clinically specialized, must now compete with their own graduates for specialty patients. At the same time they are urged to respond to contradictory national health policies that favor production of more generalists under a pro-specialty reimbursement system. Suggestions for more appropriate technology use should cover multiple approaches, including the changing of current financial incentives and the use of technology assessment to improve quality of care and education.