Lukas G M, Hutton J E, Lim R C, Mathewson C
J Trauma. 1981 Aug;21(8):612-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198108000-00004.
Over 720 persons are reported to have died jumping from the Golden Gate Bridge. A review of 100 consecutive autopsies showed that, in the majority of cases, massive pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, laceration or perforation of the heart, great vessels, or lungs by displaced ribs were the causes of immediate death. Irreparable fractures of the liver or spleen were the most common abdominal injuries. The persons fatally injured appeared to have entered the water in a horizontal position, experiencing maximal deceleration. In contrast, six survivors entered the water feet first with more gradual deceleration. These survivors remained conscious but sustained similar injuries of lesser degree; only one sustained rib fractures. Fifty per cent had fractures of the liver or spleen requiring operative therapy. Fifty per cent sustained lung contusions and subsequent pneumothoraces. Suspicion of underlying injuries to the liver, spleen, and lungs is essential during resuscitation of those who survive impact with water.
据报道，超过720人从金门大桥上跳下身亡。对连续100例尸检的回顾显示，在大多数情况下，大量肺挫伤、气胸、心脏、大血管或肺部被移位肋骨撕裂或穿孔是直接死亡原因。肝脏或脾脏的不可修复骨折是最常见的腹部损伤。受致命伤的人似乎是水平入水，经历了最大程度的减速。相比之下，6名幸存者双脚先入水，减速更为缓慢。这些幸存者仍有意识，但受了程度较轻的类似损伤；只有一人肋骨骨折。50%的人肝脏或脾脏骨折需要手术治疗。50%的人发生肺挫伤及随后的气胸。对于那些在落水冲击后幸存下来的人进行复苏时，怀疑其肝脏、脾脏和肺部存在潜在损伤至关重要。
