Steffens L
Z Urol Nephrol. 1978 Aug;71(8):553-7.
The cryotherapy of tumours of the urinary bladder hitherto used by means of transurethrally introduced sounds with or without optics made necessary the development of an irrigation trocar casing with exchangeable cryotherapy sound for the entire therapeutic comprehension of all parts of the wall of the urinary bladder, particularly in the region of the outlet of the urinary bladder from 7 till 17 o'clock. The optic control is performed by means of a simultaneously suprapubically introduced trocar cystoscope. Thus also extremely localised tumorous changes in the region of the outlet of the urinary bladder (dead angle) are optically established and rendered accessible to cryotherapy.
迄今为止，膀胱肿瘤的冷冻疗法是通过经尿道插入带或不带光学装置的探子来进行的，这就需要开发一种带有可更换冷冻疗法探子的冲洗套管针，以便对膀胱壁的所有部位进行全面的治疗，特别是在膀胱出口从7点到17点的区域。通过同时经耻骨上插入的套管针膀胱镜进行光学控制。这样，膀胱出口区域（死角）极其局部的肿瘤性变化也能通过光学手段确定，并可进行冷冻治疗。
