Reinhardt D, Richter O
Fortschr Med. 1981 Sep 17;99(35):1394-8.
Drugs administered in pregnancy have primarily as their target the mother, and the embryo or fetus is an unwanted recipient. Only in a few cases therapy of the growing child via the mother is intended. Thus the knowledge of the risk-benefit ratios of various drug regimens during pregnancy is a matter of utmost concern to each physician. Experimental and clinical data show that there is no direct relationship between the chemical structure, the pharmacological activity or the toxicity of a drug in the adult and its specific action on the embryo. Nevertheless, the considerations presently known to be involved in determining whether a drug will be teratogenic and toxic or not mainly depend upon the type of drug, duration of dosage, access to the conceptus, developmental embryonic stage at time of dosage, disposition within the fetus and individual susceptibility. We have attempted to summarize the present knowledge concerning drug disposition in the embryo and fetus. In addition, based upon the mathematical evaluation of some new experimental results the pharmacokinetics of diaplacental drug transfer is demonstrated.
孕期用药主要以母亲为目标，而胚胎或胎儿则是意外的接受者。只有在少数情况下，才会通过母亲对发育中的胎儿进行治疗。因此，了解孕期各种药物治疗方案的风险效益比是每位医生最为关注的问题。实验和临床数据表明，药物在成人中的化学结构、药理活性或毒性与其对胚胎的特定作用之间没有直接关系。然而，目前已知的用于确定一种药物是否会致畸和有毒的考虑因素主要取决于药物类型、用药持续时间、接触胎儿的途径、用药时胚胎的发育阶段、在胎儿体内的处置情况以及个体易感性。我们试图总结目前有关胚胎和胎儿药物处置的知识。此外，基于对一些新实验结果的数学评估，展示了经胎盘药物转运的药代动力学。
