Spence D P
Int J Psychoanal. 1981;62(Pt 1):113-24.
Psychoanalytic competence can be defined as the knowledge and background necessary and sufficient to understand a therapeutic encounter. We can distinguish between normative competence, which belongs to all members of the psychoanalytic community, and privileged competence, which belongs only to the treating analyst at a particular time in a specific clinical situation. The two kinds of competence are frequently confused; as a result, the author of a clinical paper unwittingly assumes that he and the reader share all important information. In fact, the typical piece of clinical writing is largely inaccessible to anyone with only normative competence and because the reader does not have all necessary information, he is tempted to fill in the gaps and clarify the ambiguities with his own private set of meanings. Each paper in the literature runs the risk of generating as many "texts' as there are readers. To prevent this kind of misreading, we argue for the systematic clarification (naturalization) of each clinical encounter to make it accessible to anyone with normative competence. Systematic naturalization provides the link between normative and privileged competence and allows the reader more complete access to the clinical issues at stake.
精神分析能力可以被定义为理解一次治疗性会面所必需且充分的知识和背景。我们可以区分规范性能力（它属于精神分析团体的所有成员）和特权性能力（它仅属于在特定临床情境中的特定时间进行治疗的分析师）。这两种能力常常被混淆；结果，一篇临床论文的作者不知不觉地假定他和读者共享所有重要信息。事实上，对于只有规范性能力的任何人来说，典型的临床写作内容在很大程度上是难以理解的，并且由于读者没有所有必要信息，他就会试图用自己的一套个人意义来填补空白并澄清含糊之处。文献中的每一篇论文都有产生与读者数量一样多的“文本”的风险。为了防止这种误读，我们主张对每一次临床会面进行系统的阐释（通俗化），以使任何具有规范性能力的人都能理解。系统的通俗化提供了规范性能力和特权性能力之间的联系，并使读者能够更全面地了解所涉及的临床问题。
