Gauderer M W
J Pediatr Surg. 1981 Aug;16(4 Suppl 1):583-6. doi: 10.1016/0022-3468(81)90009-9.
Although transverse abdominal incisions (TAI) are valued for their excellent exposure in the newborn, infant, and child, measurements to support this clinical impression have been lacking. The abdomens of 80 infants and children and 11 premature infants were measured and evaluated and correlated with growth. It was demonstrated that the younger the child, the relatively larger the abdominal cavity and wall. Because of the anatomical differences between the abdomen of adults and small children, the cavity of the latter resembles a horizontally oriented ellipsoid; accordingly, TAI give greater exposure. The younger the child, the larger proportionately was the costoiliac space, allowing easier lateral extension of the incision, if necessary. The umbilicus is low in infants and small children and the transverse supraumbilical incision may be placed over the anatomical center of the abdominal cavity. The conclusion drawn was that the younger the child, the greater the rationale for routinely employing transverse abdominal incisions.
尽管横向腹部切口（TAI）因其在新生儿、婴儿和儿童中具有出色的暴露效果而受到重视，但一直缺乏支持这一临床印象的测量数据。对80例婴幼儿和11例早产儿的腹部进行了测量和评估，并与生长情况进行了关联。结果表明，儿童年龄越小，腹腔和腹壁相对越大。由于成人和小儿腹部的解剖差异，小儿的腹腔类似于水平方向的椭球体；因此，TAI能提供更大的暴露范围。儿童年龄越小，肋髂间隙相对越大，如有必要，切口更容易向外侧延长。婴幼儿的脐部位置较低，脐上横向切口可置于腹腔的解剖中心上方。得出的结论是，儿童年龄越小，常规采用横向腹部切口的理由就越充分。
