Willems J S, Löwhagen T
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981 Jul;10(2):267-73. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(81)80021-7.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid gland is a low-cost office procedure which even in children does not require regional anaesthesia. The method is safe, without appreciable complications or side effects. Since the needling is readily accepted by patients, it can be repeated when necessary. A morphological diagnosis is then rapidly obtainable, and time-consuming and expensive investigations are bypassed. In the hands of experienced cytopathologists, fine-needle biopsy is a reliable means of selecting patients for surgery, thereby reducing the frequency of operations for benign lesions. The cytological report enables the clinician to recognize the conditions which will benefit from non-surgical management, for example colloid goitre, thyroiditis and lymphoma, and also to plan surgical strategy in papillary, medullary and anaplastic giant cell neoplasms. In follicular neoplasms, aspiration biopsy cytology does not permit reliable distinction between adenoma and carcinoma. With combined consideration of aspiration biopsy cytology and scintiscans, however, it is possible to distinguish non-neoplastic from neoplastic follicular proliferation. In cases where cytological study does not give a specific or conclusive diagnosis, broad disease categories such as inflammatory or neoplastic states can be recognized. Even for these patients, therefore, the method can serve as a guide in the further management. In post-therapy follow-up of thyroid neoplasms, aspiration biopsy cytology permits rapid detection of recurrence.
甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查是一种低成本的门诊操作，即使对于儿童也无需局部麻醉。该方法安全，没有明显的并发症或副作用。由于患者很容易接受穿刺，必要时可以重复进行。然后可以迅速获得形态学诊断，从而避免了耗时且昂贵的检查。在经验丰富的细胞病理学家手中，细针活检是选择手术患者的可靠方法，从而减少了良性病变的手术频率。细胞学报告使临床医生能够识别哪些情况将从非手术治疗中受益，例如胶样甲状腺肿、甲状腺炎和淋巴瘤，还能为乳头状、髓样和间变性巨细胞瘤制定手术策略。在滤泡性肿瘤中，穿刺活检细胞学检查无法可靠地区分腺瘤和癌。然而，综合考虑穿刺活检细胞学检查和闪烁扫描，可以区分非肿瘤性和肿瘤性滤泡增生。在细胞学研究未给出特异性或结论性诊断的情况下，可以识别炎症或肿瘤状态等广泛的疾病类别。因此，即使对于这些患者，该方法也可作为进一步治疗的指导。在甲状腺肿瘤的治疗后随访中，穿刺活检细胞学检查能够快速检测复发情况。
