Shamsie S J
Can J Psychiatry. 1981 Aug;26(5):357-64. doi: 10.1177/070674378102600513.
The dramatic increase in antisocial adolescent behaviour is shown through statistics outlining the increase in juvenile crime for Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. This paper presents a review of evaluative studies of conventional treatments available for antisocial adolescents. Studies involving Case Work, Individual Psychotherapy, Behaviour Modification, Group Counselling, Family Therapy, Milieu Therapy and Therapeutic Community are discussed. Findings indicate that, in general, these treatments are inadequate for the rehabilitation needs of adolescents with conduct disorders. One question arising from this review is whether the unsatisfactory results with present treatment approaches may be due to the perception of antisocial behaviour as a sickness rather than a lack of socialization. The Social Learning Theory is investigated as a means for teaching social norms. A number of studies are cited as showing the effectiveness of social learning types of programs. Success has also been achieved with antisocial adolescents in a behavioural-employment intervention program; this area is also explored. The impact of evaluative studies on clinical practice is reported as minimal. Some of the reasons which could explain this lack of impact are explored. The paper emphasizes the need for discarding those treatments which have been shown to be ineffective and adopting those which show promise.
加拿大、美国和英国的青少年犯罪统计数据显示，反社会青少年行为急剧增加。本文对适用于反社会青少年的传统治疗方法的评估研究进行了综述。讨论了涉及个案工作、个体心理治疗、行为矫正、团体咨询、家庭治疗、环境治疗和治疗社区的研究。研究结果表明，总体而言，这些治疗方法不足以满足患有品行障碍青少年的康复需求。本次综述引发的一个问题是，目前治疗方法效果不佳是否可能是由于将反社会行为视为一种疾病而非缺乏社会化。社会学习理论作为一种教授社会规范的手段进行了研究。引用了一些研究来说明社会学习类型项目的有效性。在行为-就业干预项目中，反社会青少年也取得了成功；这一领域也进行了探讨。据报道，评估研究对临床实践的影响微乎其微。探讨了一些可以解释这种缺乏影响的原因。本文强调需要摒弃那些已被证明无效的治疗方法，采用那些有前景的治疗方法。
