Miller F N, Nolph K D, Joshua I G, Wiegman D L, Harris P D, Andersen D B
Kidney Int. 1981 Sep;20(3):397-402. doi: 10.1038/ki.1981.152.
Factors that alter peritoneal blood flow may influence the clearance of solutes during peritoneal dialysis. Arteriolar vasodilation, for instance, could increase the delivery of solutes to the capillaries and venules leading to an increase in solute transport into the peritoneal cavity. This study was designed to identify the vasoactive effects of several major components of McGaw and Dianeal peritoneal dialysis solutions to understand how the composition of these solutions may alter in vivo blood flow in the peritoneum. Because the major differences between these solutions and Krebs solution are a high osmolality, a high dextrose concentrations, and an acetate or lactate buffer system, we investigated the effects of these components. Rats were anesthetized with the combination of urethane and chloralose. The cremaster muscles, with the nerve and blood supplies from the rat still intact, was placed in a specially designed tissue chamber that was filled with Krebs solutions. A port permitted microscopic observations of the blood vessels. In vivo television microscopy observations was used to quantitate changes in small arteriole diameters induced by changes in the composition of the solution bathing the cremaster or by the addition of nitroprusside. Hyperosmolality produced by the addition of dextrose, sucrose, or sodium chloride to the Krebs solution induced a submaximal dilation of the small arterioles of the cremaster. The rate of dilation differed depending on the substance used to increase osmolality. A normal osmolality acetate (74 mM) or lactate (45 mM) solution produced a slow, submaximal dilation of the cremaster arterioles. Hyperosmolar acetate (37 or 74 mM) or lactate (45 mM) solutions produced a rapid, maximal dilation of these vessels. Because the rate of dilation and maximal effect produced by the commercial dialysis solutions were similar to these same parameters produced by the high-osmolality acetate or lactate solutions, the dilatory effects of McGaw and Dianeal solutions appear to be due to the combinations of high osmolality and the buffer anion acetate or lactate.
改变腹膜血流的因素可能会影响腹膜透析过程中溶质的清除。例如，小动脉血管舒张可增加溶质向毛细血管和小静脉的输送，从而导致溶质向腹膜腔的转运增加。本研究旨在确定麦高（McGaw）和戴安乐（Dianeal）腹膜透析液几种主要成分的血管活性作用，以了解这些溶液的成分如何改变腹膜的体内血流。由于这些溶液与克雷布斯（Krebs）溶液之间的主要差异在于高渗透压、高葡萄糖浓度以及醋酸盐或乳酸盐缓冲系统，我们研究了这些成分的作用。用氨基甲酸乙酯和水合氯醛联合麻醉大鼠。保留大鼠完整神经和血液供应的提睾肌被置于一个特别设计的充满克雷布斯溶液的组织腔室中。一个端口允许对血管进行显微镜观察。采用体内电视显微镜观察来定量由浴提睾肌的溶液成分变化或添加硝普钠引起的小动脉直径变化。向克雷布斯溶液中添加葡萄糖、蔗糖或氯化钠产生的高渗性诱导了提睾肌小动脉的次最大舒张。舒张速率因用于增加渗透压的物质而异。正常渗透压的醋酸盐（74 mM）或乳酸盐（45 mM）溶液使提睾肌小动脉产生缓慢的次最大舒张。高渗醋酸盐（37或74 mM）或乳酸盐（45 mM）溶液使这些血管产生快速的最大舒张。由于商业透析液产生的舒张速率和最大效应与高渗醋酸盐或乳酸盐溶液产生的相同参数相似，麦高和戴安乐溶液的舒张作用似乎是由于高渗透压与缓冲阴离子醋酸盐或乳酸盐的组合。
