Wilkinson L C, Hiebert E, Rembold K
J Speech Hear Res. 1981 Sep;24(3):383-8. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2403.383.
The speech which parents and peers direct to toddlers was examined for differences as a function of sex of parent, parent/peer status, sex of child, and age of child. Mothers, fathers, and peers of 18 parent dyads were individually audio- and videotaped in a natural play setting with their children (nine boys and nine girls) when the children were 2 years (parents only) and 2 1/2 years (both parents and peers). Ten language measures were coded from the transcribed speech samples: mean length of utterance, type-token ratio, number of utterances, number of turns, rate of questioning, rate of answering, rate of directives, rate of attentionals, rate of polite directives, and rate of repetitions. Analyses of variance on these dependent measures produced significant main effects for parents/peer status for number of utterances, number of turns, mean length of utterance, questions, answers, and polite directives; however, no main effects for sex of child, age of child, and sex of parent were produced.
研究了父母和同伴对幼儿说话的差异，这些差异是父母性别、父母/同伴身份、孩子性别和孩子年龄的函数。当孩子2岁（仅父母参与）和2.5岁（父母和同伴都参与）时，18个亲子二元组中的母亲、父亲和同伴分别在自然玩耍环境中与他们的孩子（9个男孩和9个女孩）进行音频和视频录制。从转录的语音样本中对十种语言指标进行编码：话语平均长度、类型-标记比、话语数量、轮次数量、提问率、回答率、指令率、注意力率、礼貌指令率和重复率。对这些因变量的方差分析显示，对于话语数量、轮次数量、话语平均长度、问题、回答和礼貌指令，父母/同伴身份产生了显著的主效应；然而，孩子性别、孩子年龄和父母性别没有产生主效应。
