Besson A, Meyer A, Savary M, Saegesser F
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1981 Oct 24;111(43):1602-7.
In 58 patients among 166 cases of esophageal trauma who developed an intrathoracic complication, the cases are studied of 26 esophageal instrumental perforations, 10 vomiting or effort ruptures, 14 ingestions of foreign bodies (observed in a surgical unit), 5 corrosions by acids or alkalis and 3 esophageal injuries after closed chest trauma. Some complications occurred or were recognized after a delay of 1 to 16 days. In 22 cases treated after the second day, 9 patients survived and in 18 cases treated after 4 days, 6 patients nevertheless survived. The outcome is difficult to assess initially but hope must be entertained even in the most severe cases. The discussion focuses on symptoms and signs, modes of clinical presentation and the different types of fistulas (4 intramural, 31 esophago-mediastinal, 15 esophago-pleural, 5 esophago-tracheal, 1 esophago-aortic, 1 esophago-pericardial). Treatment varies with the delay in diagnosis and is often complex. In cases requiring reoperation the mortality is very high.
在166例食管创伤患者中，有58例发生了胸内并发症，对其中26例器械性食管穿孔、10例呕吐或用力导致的破裂、14例异物摄入（在外科病房观察到）、5例酸或碱腐蚀以及3例闭合性胸部创伤后食管损伤的病例进行了研究。一些并发症在延迟1至16天后出现或被发现。在第二天之后接受治疗的22例患者中，9例存活；在4天后接受治疗的18例患者中，仍有6例存活。最初很难评估预后，但即使在最严重的病例中也必须抱有希望。讨论集中在症状和体征、临床表现方式以及不同类型的瘘（4例壁内瘘、31例食管纵隔瘘、15例食管胸膜瘘、5例食管气管瘘、1例食管主动脉瘘、1例食管心包瘘）。治疗因诊断延迟而异，且往往很复杂。在需要再次手术的病例中，死亡率非常高。
