Stewart G A, Covaleski M A, Taylor M S
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981 Nov;38(11):1681-6.
The relationship between type of drug administration (pharmacy technician versus nurse) and the efficiency and effectiveness of managerial control systems was studied. The sample included pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses working at one hospital that used technicians for drug administration for 9 of 22 units. Pharmacists and technicians completed a questionnaire for a unit where technicians administered drugs and for a unit where they provided all pharmaceutical services except drug administration. Nurses completed one questionnaire regarding their patient unit. A total of 368 questionnaires were distributed; the response rate was 83.7%. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, type of drug administration was the independent variable and complexity and variability of patient-unit technology were moderators of its effects on nine dependent variables. There was no main effect of type of drug administration or moderating effect of technology on number or percentage of medication errors. Pharmacists reported exercising more behavior control when supervising nurses than technicians. Nurses and technicians perceived that pharmacists exercised greater control on units where nurses performed drug administration tasks of low variability. While technicians and nurses provided drug administration services of similar quality, this study suggests that pharmacists can mange technicians more efficiently than nurses in drug administration tasks on units where the tasks are relatively routine.
研究了给药类型（药剂师技术员与护士）与管理控制系统的效率和有效性之间的关系。样本包括在一家医院工作的药剂师、药剂师技术员和护士，该医院在22个科室中有9个科室使用技术员进行给药。药剂师和技术员针对技术员给药的科室以及他们提供除给药之外所有药学服务的科室填写了一份问卷。护士针对其所在的患者科室填写了一份问卷。共发放了368份问卷；回复率为83.7%。使用分层多元回归分析，给药类型为自变量，患者科室技术的复杂性和变异性是其对九个因变量影响的调节因素。给药类型没有主效应，技术对用药错误数量或百分比也没有调节效应。药剂师报告称，在监督护士时比监督技术员时行使更多行为控制。护士和技术员认为，在护士执行低变异性给药任务的科室中，药剂师行使的控制权更大。虽然技术员和护士提供的给药服务质量相似，但本研究表明，在任务相对常规的科室中，药剂师在给药任务中管理技术员比管理护士更有效率。
