Pulmonary hemorrhage. Vascular evaluation and interventional therapy.

Twenty-five cases of massive pulmonary hemorrhage were evaluated by arteriography. Either pulmonary or selective bronchial arteriography or both were performed to confirm or corroborate the clinical diagnosis. In 16 patients, gelfoam embolization of the bronchial artery was effective in causing immediate cessation of the hemorrhage. Only two of the 16 patients had recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage, both of whom had invasive central primary carcinoma of the lung.