Sappington A A, Russell C, Triplett V, Goodwin J
J Clin Psychol. 1981 Oct;37(4):737-44. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198110)37:4<737::aid-jclp2270370409>3.0.co;2-q.
Investigated the relationship of four types of expectancy to snake avoidant behavior and its reduction through modeling. Response-outcome expectancies are beliefs about the consequences of a behavior; self-efficacy expectancies are beliefs about one's ability to perform the behavior. Intellectually based expectancies are views of oneself or the world that are perceived to be accurate representations of reality; emotionally based expectancies are views of oneself or the world that may be perceived as inaccurate or irrational by the person who holds them. Experiments I and II investigated the relationship of intellectually and emotionally based versions of both response-outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies to snake avoidant behavior. It was found that all four expectancy variables correlate significantly with behavior on a snake avoidance task. Self-efficacy expectancies are not clearly better predictors of behavior than are response-outcome expectancies. Experiment III found that all four variables are changed as a consequence of modeling. It was concluded that a four-variable expectancy model is necessary to explain avoidant behavior.
研究了四种期望类型与避蛇行为及其通过模仿而减少之间的关系。反应-结果期望是关于一种行为后果的信念；自我效能期望是关于一个人执行该行为能力的信念。基于理智的期望是对自己或世界的看法，被认为是对现实的准确表征；基于情感的期望是对自己或世界的看法，持有这些看法的人可能认为它们不准确或不合理。实验一和实验二研究了基于理智和情感的反应-结果期望以及自我效能期望与避蛇行为之间的关系。结果发现，所有四个期望变量都与避蛇任务中的行为显著相关。自我效能期望并非比反应-结果期望更能明确地预测行为。实验三发现，所有四个变量都会因模仿而发生变化。得出的结论是，一个四变量期望模型对于解释回避行为是必要的。
