Schäppi R
Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr. 1981;129(1):105-18.
Instead of considering aggression as an autonomous instinct, it is preferable to speak of a potential of aggression which can be exploited by several biological functions. Contemporary ethology insists on the instrumental and polyadaptive nature of aggression. It is the aim of the first section of this paper to reveal the close links which exist between aggression, social organization and adaptation to the environment. The second part reviews some results of recent studies on aggression in primates. It is possible to gain certain hypotheses on human aggression from ethological research work. Territoriality for instance may be interpreted as product of the interaction between the human biogram and the environment rather than as a distinctive and omni-present feature of human nature. Even extreme forms of human aggression (cruelty, sadism, slavery) do not necessarily imply an increased potential for aggressive in our species.
与其将攻击性视为一种自主本能，不如说是一种可被多种生物学功能利用的攻击潜能。当代动物行为学强调攻击性的工具性和多适应性本质。本文第一部分的目的是揭示攻击性、社会组织与环境适应之间存在的紧密联系。第二部分回顾了近期关于灵长类动物攻击性研究的一些结果。从动物行为学研究工作中有可能获得关于人类攻击性的某些假设。例如，领地性可被解释为人类生物特征与环境相互作用的产物，而非人类本性中独特且普遍存在的特征。甚至人类攻击性的极端形式（残忍、施虐狂、奴役）也不一定意味着我们这个物种攻击性潜能的增加。
