Geyer M A, Petersen L R, Rose G J, Horwitt D D, Light R K, Adams L M, Zook J A, Hawkins R L, Mandell A J
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1978 Dec;207(3):837-47.
Tactile startle responding by male Sprague-Dawley rats given 60 presentations of air-puff stimuli (37.5 psi) was measured after the intraperitoneal administration of graded doses of hallucinogens and other psychoactive drugs. Among the drugs tested were the indoleamine-derived compounds, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine and psilocin, and the phenylethylamine-derived compounds, mescaline, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine and a series of active and inactive congeners of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine. All of the active phenylethylamines increased startle response magnitudes throughout the test session. This pattern of augmented startle suggests that these drugs increase reactivity. However, none of the indoleamine hallucinogens increased startle responding. Of the nonhallucinogenic drugs tested, only apomorphine increased startle responding, while clonidine significantly decreased it, and amphetamine, chlorimipramine, scopolamine and methysergide had no effect. In additional studies with LSD, it was found that LSD increased the response to only the first stimulus when more intense air-puffs were used (50 psi). Furthermore, when the number of stimuli was increased from 60 to 240 (1 hr) so that appreciable habituation was evident in controls, LSD impaired this habituation. Whereas the response magnitudes of the control group decreased by 70% across the session, the responses of LSD-treated rats decreased by only 32%. These results suggest that LSD and phenylethylamine-derived hallucinogens may differ in their effects on tactile startle responding.
在给雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的致幻剂和其他精神活性药物后，测量它们在接受60次气吹刺激（37.5磅力/平方英寸）时的触觉惊吓反应。所测试的药物包括吲哚胺衍生化合物，如麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）、N,N-二甲基色胺和脱磷酸裸盖菇素，以及苯乙胺衍生化合物，如三甲氧苯乙胺、2,5-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯丙胺和一系列2,5-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯丙胺的活性和非活性同系物。所有活性苯乙胺在整个测试过程中都增加了惊吓反应幅度。这种惊吓增强模式表明这些药物增加了反应性。然而，没有一种吲哚胺致幻剂增加惊吓反应。在所测试的非致幻药物中，只有阿扑吗啡增加了惊吓反应，而可乐定则显著降低了惊吓反应，苯丙胺、氯米帕明、东莨菪碱和甲基麦角酰胺没有效果。在对LSD的进一步研究中发现，当使用更强的气吹刺激（50磅力/平方英寸）时，LSD只增加对第一个刺激的反应。此外，当刺激次数从60次增加到240次（1小时），以至于对照组出现明显的习惯化时，LSD损害了这种习惯化。对照组的反应幅度在整个过程中下降了70%，而接受LSD治疗的大鼠的反应只下降了32%。这些结果表明，LSD和苯乙胺衍生的致幻剂对触觉惊吓反应的影响可能不同。
