Vir S C, Love A H, Thompson W
Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Dec;34(12):2800-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/34.12.2800.
Serum and hair levels of zinc were estimated in 28 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women at 20 to 22 wk of gestation (2nd trimester), 36 to 37 wk of gestation (3rd trimester), and 3 days postpartum. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in pregnant subjects compared to the nonpregnant and showed a continuous significant decline with increasing duration of pregnancy. Mean hair concentration in the various stages of study of pregnant women and nonpregnant subjects were comparable. However, a progressive decrease in hair zinc concentration was noted with advancing pregnancy; the decline between 2nd and 3rd trimester was statistically significant. Mean serum zinc concentration in umbilical cord blood was approximately twice that in maternal blood. Smoking had no effect on zinc concentration, while the effect of alcohol and parity was inconsistent. Oral contraceptive usage before conception appeared to lower hair zinc concentration and increase serum zinc concentration during pregnancy. Two subjects had spontaneous abortion and these had serum zinc in the lower range and hair zinc values in the higher range. The remaining 58 subjects gave birth to normal neonates weighing 2500 to 4500 g. The study revealed that zinc nutrition of the majority of the expectant mothers was adequate for normal growth and development of fetus. The possible cause and implication of observed changes in zinc metabolism are discussed.
对28名未怀孕女性和60名怀孕女性在妊娠20至22周（孕中期）、36至37周（孕晚期）以及产后3天的血清和头发锌水平进行了评估。与未怀孕女性相比，怀孕女性的血清锌平均浓度显著降低，并且随着孕期延长持续显著下降。怀孕女性和未怀孕女性在研究各阶段的头发锌平均浓度相当。然而，随着孕期进展，头发锌浓度逐渐降低；孕中期和孕晚期之间的下降具有统计学意义。脐带血中的血清锌平均浓度约为母体血液中的两倍。吸烟对锌浓度没有影响，而酒精和产次的影响则不一致。孕前使用口服避孕药似乎会降低头发锌浓度，并在孕期增加血清锌浓度。两名受试者发生自然流产，她们的血清锌处于较低范围，头发锌值处于较高范围。其余58名受试者产下体重2500至4500克的正常新生儿。该研究表明，大多数准妈妈的锌营养足以满足胎儿正常生长发育的需要。文中讨论了观察到的锌代谢变化的可能原因及影响。
