Diseases of the pericardium: morphologic study of surgical specimens from 35 patients.

The gross and microscopic features of 35 pericardial surgical specimens are described. Nineteen specimens were associated with pericardial effusion, and microscopic study showed nonspecific fibrous changes in eight, tuberculous granulomatous inflammation in four, purulent inflammation in four, neoplastic involvement in four, and siderosis of the pericardium in one. Twelve of these were clinically associated with constriction. Calcification of the pericardium was the predominant feature in eight of the specimens. None of these eight specimens showed features of tuberculous infection. Of the remaining four, two showed chronic fibrinous changes and the other two showed granulomatous inflammation of presumed tuberculous origin. Four pericardial cysts were seen. Pericardial disease was an incidental finding in 13 instances (37 per cent), suggesting the frequent underdiagnosis and asymptomatic nature of disease of the pericardium. The associations of infections, trauma, hemopericardium, and collagen diseases and pericardial diseases are discussed.