Covaleski M A, Dirsmith M W
Health Care Manage Rev. 1981 Fall;6(4):33-40.
A formal, highly structured MBO system implemented to serve administrators' needs will not work in a hospital setting. Only an informal MBO system that emphasizes the participation as well as the autonomy of individual departments will be effective.
为满足管理人员需求而实施的正式、高度结构化的目标管理系统在医院环境中不起作用。只有强调各部门的参与和自主性的非正式目标管理系统才会有效。