[Hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal insufficiency new clinical and surgical aspects (author's transl)].

The therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal disease has been improved by the availability of active 1-alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives. However, in cases with progressive secondary hyperparathyroidism which have not been brought under control conservatively, surgical intervention is still required. Total parathyroidectomy with autologous transplantation of parathyroid tissue in the forearm has recently been recommended as the optimum surgical approach to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Recent literature is reviewed and personal clinical experience is reported in this paper, followed by a presentation and discussion of the pathophysiology of hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure, various means of conservative treatment, indications for parathyroidectomy, surgical aspects and technique of cryopreservation, as well as a standardized therapeutic regimen for pre- and postoperative treatment with calcium and 1-alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogues.