Rieb J P, Kremer M
Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1981;56(4):423-39.
In the East of France, Culicoides clastrieri, C. odibilis, C. cubitalis, C. subfascipennis and C. musilator have 2 generations per year; a spring generation and a summer generation. A part of the summer population undergoes a aestivo-hibernation which is terminated around december. The possibility of a winter diapausa is evocated.