Monoamine cell distribution in the cat brain stem. A fluorescence histochemical study with quantification of indolaminergic and locus coeruleus cell groups.

The distribution of monoaminergic cell bodies in the brainstem of the cat has been examined with Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemical technique. Quantitative determinations indicate that the cat brainstem contains about 60,300 indolaminergic (IA) cells. The majority of these (about 46,700, or 77.5%) are located within raphe nuclei. The largest number is contained within nucleus raphe dorsalis (RD), accounting for around 24,300 IA cells, while raphe pallidus (RP) holds about 8,000 raphe centralis superior (RCS) 7,400, raphe magnus (RM) 2,400, raphe obscurus (RO) 2,300, linearis intermedius (LI) 2,100, and the raphe pontis (RPo) only some 280 IA cells. The IA cells represent, however, only part of the neuronal population of raphe nuclei, which, in addition, hold varying numbers of other medium-sized and small-sized neurons. Thus, quantification in Nissl-stained material indicate that the IA cells make up about 70% of the medium-sized cells in RD, 50% in RP, 35% in RCS and RO, 25% in LI, 15% in RM, and only 10% in RPo. The substantial numbers of small-sized perikarya observed in all raphe nuclei may represent interneurons. Significant numbers of IA cells were consistently located outside the raphe nuclei at all brainstem levels. In all, these amounted to approximately 13,600, or 22.5% of the total number of IA cells. Thus, IA cells occurred in the myelinated bundles, and sometimes in reticular formation, bordering the raphe nuclei; in the ventral brainstem forming a lateral extension from the ventral raphe (RP, RM, RPo, RCS, and LI) to the position of the rubrospinal bundle; in the periventricular gray and subjacent tegmentum of dorsal pons and caudal mesencephalon; in the locus coeruleus (LC) complex; around the motor trigeminal nucleus; caudal to the red nucleus; and in the interpeduncular and interfascicular nuclei. The wide distribution of IA cells leads to a considerable mixing with catecholaminergic (CA) cell groups. Our observations on CA cell distribution are essentially in accordance with previous reports. Quantifications indicate that the LC complex contains about 9,150 CA cells, unilaterally. A previously unnoticed group of scattered CA cells was found in relation to the vestibular nuclei and extending dorsally toward the deep cerebellar nuclei.