Horvat J R, Kraemer H C
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1981;36(1-2):99-110. doi: 10.1159/000156010.
The first 5 years of infant socialization was studied in two captive groups of chimpanzees. The infant's frequency of social behaviors increased as it became older, the mother's decreased, and that between mother and infant was relatively stable. The mother and infant socialized mostly with an age class similar to their own, with grooming and play being predominant, respectively. Their behaviors were more diverse when they socialized with a different age class. Initially, the mother and infant interacted more with females than males, but later more with males. The mother's associations with juveniles and infants were high as her infant became more socially active with its peers. Most of the input to the mother-infant social relationship was by the mother.
对两组圈养黑猩猩的婴儿期（最初5年）社交情况进行了研究。随着幼崽长大，其社交行为的频率增加，母亲的社交行为频率下降，而母婴之间的社交行为频率相对稳定。母婴主要与年龄相仿的群体进行社交，其中梳理毛发和玩耍分别占主导。当它们与不同年龄组进行社交时，行为更加多样化。最初，母婴与雌性的互动多于雄性，但后来与雄性的互动更多。随着幼崽在同伴中社交活动增多，母亲与幼崽及婴儿的关联度也很高。母婴社交关系中的大部分互动都是由母亲发起的。
