Mäntymaa Mirjami, Puura Kaija, Luoma Ilona, Salmelin Raili K, Tamminen Tuula
Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Tampere, Medical School, Finland.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2006;60(5):379-86. doi: 10.1080/08039480600937280.
The current study investigated factors contributing to mother's early perception of her infant's difficult temperament. One hundred and twenty-four mother-infant dyads participated in the study. Mother's perception of the infant's temperament was assessed with the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ). The influence of mother-infant interaction, mother's mental health and parenting stress were investigated. Mother-infant interaction was videotaped during a face-to-face interaction and analysed using the Global Rating Scale. Mother's mental health was assessed through a structured interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, SCID) and parenting stress was examined by a questionnaire (Parenting Stress Index). First, the difficulty scale of the ICQ was used as a continuous variable and factors contributing to mother's perception of her infant's temperament as more or less difficult were examined. Secondly, infants were categorized into difficult and non-difficult, and factors increasing the infant's risk of being perceived as difficult were examined. The model including mother's mental health and parental distress accounted for 24% of the variance in perceived infant difficulty, with parental distress in particular being an influential contributor. When infants categorized as difficult were examined, mother's intrusiveness and infant's poor interactive behaviour in early mother-infant interaction as well as parental distress significantly increased the infant's risk of being perceived as difficult.
本研究调查了影响母亲对婴儿难养型气质早期认知的因素。124对母婴参与了该研究。使用婴儿特征问卷（ICQ）评估母亲对婴儿气质的认知。研究了母婴互动、母亲心理健康和育儿压力的影响。在面对面互动期间对母婴互动进行录像，并使用总体评定量表进行分析。通过结构化访谈（DSM-IV结构化临床访谈，SCID）评估母亲的心理健康，并通过问卷（育儿压力指数）检查育儿压力。首先，将ICQ的困难量表用作连续变量，研究影响母亲认为其婴儿气质或多或少具有困难的因素。其次，将婴儿分为难养型和非难养型，研究增加婴儿被视为难养型风险的因素。包括母亲心理健康和父母苦恼的模型解释了感知到的婴儿困难差异的24%，其中父母苦恼尤其具有影响力。当检查被归类为难养型的婴儿时，母亲的侵扰性、早期母婴互动中婴儿不良的互动行为以及父母苦恼显著增加了婴儿被视为难养型的风险。
