Albrecht K F
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1981;355:199-204. doi: 10.1007/BF01286840.
Late complications involving the bladder and ureter occasionally occur following irradiation to the minor pelvis. Intermittent light bleeding from the bladder can be contained by nonspecific installation therapy. With life-threatening hemorrhage, silver nitrate or formalin instillation is effective. The treatment of irradiation ulcers, irradiation contracted bladder, vesicovaginal fistulae, and late irradiation reactions of the ureter are discussed in incurable bladder contractions and vesicovaginal fistulae, a supravesicle urinary diversion is necessary.
盆腔放疗后偶尔会出现涉及膀胱和输尿管的晚期并发症。膀胱间歇性轻度出血可通过非特异性膀胱灌注疗法控制。对于危及生命的出血，硝酸银或福尔马林膀胱灌注有效。本文讨论了放射性溃疡、放射性膀胱挛缩、膀胱阴道瘘以及输尿管晚期放疗反应的治疗，对于无法治愈的膀胱挛缩和膀胱阴道瘘，需要进行膀胱上尿路改道。
