Horta e Silva F, Pontes J F
Arq Gastroenterol. 1981 Jul-Sep;18(3):100-2.
The clinical symptom, perceived at body level, such as pain, dyskinesia, circulatory changes (tachycardia, blushing, pallor) is intrinsic and simultaneous with parallel changes at the mind level, such as anxiety, sorrow, instability, joy, depression and shame. Therefore, it has to be distinguished within the symptom, the overt component - somatic alterations - and the latent component - changes in mental processes. Hence, the global psychosomatic nature is intrinsic to the clinical symptoms.
在身体层面所感知到的临床症状，如疼痛、运动障碍、循环变化（心动过速、脸红、苍白）是内在的，并且与心理层面的平行变化同时出现，如焦虑、悲伤、不稳定、喜悦、抑郁和羞耻。因此，必须在症状中区分出明显的成分——躯体改变——和潜在的成分——心理过程的变化。因此，整体的心身性质是临床症状所固有的。
