Cervical rib syndrome: a neurosurgical experience with a series of 38 cases.

A series of 38 patients with thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a cervical rib is reviewed after a postoperative follow-up period of 3 to 24 years. The outcome of the operation (anterior scalenotomy and partial to subtotal removal of the cervical rib) is not considered wholly satisfactory; three causes for this were identified: excessive duration of symptoms (mean almost 6 years), insufficient patient work-up and inadequacy of the incomplete removal of the cervical rib. In the presence of a cervical rib, other possible causes of compression of the neurovascular supply to the upper limb should always be considered.