Kovachev G
Vet Med Nauki. 1981;18(10):76-85.
Corrosion, enlightened, and histologic preparations were used to study the macro and microvascularization of the papilla in sheep. It was found that blood is supplied by 2 arteries and 4 to 6 papillary veins with thickened walls and numerous valves along their length. At the base of the papilla there forms a weaker arterial and a stronger venous ring with well defined sinusoid dilatations. There is a vascular muscular layer within the wall of the papilla in which the smooth muscle fibres are oriented in three directions: lengthwise, oblique, and circular; these, however, do not form definitely distinguishable layers. There are in the mucous membrane of the cistern 2 clearly distinguishable vascular nets, each of which is represented by vessels of varying size and direction. At the transition between the cistern and the papillary canal a dense vascular plexus is formed consisting of cross venous anastomoses with which this site assumes the appearance of a cavernous body. The mucous membrane of the papillary canal has shown vascularization that is similar to that of the skin of the papilla. The lengthwise disposition of the big vessels deeply in close proximity to the mucous membrane of the cistern and the papillary canal is of definite practical interest to the surgery of the papillary wall.
采用腐蚀法、造影法和组织学制片法对绵羊乳头的大、微血管进行了研究。结果发现，乳头的血液由2条动脉和4至6条乳头静脉供应，这些静脉壁增厚，沿其长度有许多瓣膜。在乳头基部形成一个较弱的动脉环和一个较强的静脉环，并有明显的窦状扩张。乳头壁内有一层血管肌层，其中平滑肌纤维呈三个方向排列：纵向、斜向和环形；然而，这些纤维并未形成明显可区分的层次。在乳池的黏膜中有2个明显可区分的血管网，每个血管网由大小和方向各异的血管组成。在乳池与乳头管的过渡处，形成了一个密集的血管丛，由交叉静脉吻合支组成，使该部位呈现出海绵体的外观。乳头管的黏膜显示出与乳头皮肤相似的血管分布。靠近乳池和乳头管黏膜深处的大血管纵向排列，这对乳头壁手术具有一定的实际意义。
