Goldman-Rakic P S
J Neurosci. 1981 Jul;1(7):721-35. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-07-00721.1981.
The timing, hemispheric laterality, and mode of termination of input from the prefrontal association cortex to the neostriatum were studied in fetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys using autoradiography for tracing connections. In addition, the cytological maturation of the neostriatum was examined in Nissl-stained sections from the same and other monkeys of selected prenatal and postnatal ages. A small contingent of corticostriatal axons reaches both the caudate nucleus and the putamen by the 69th embryonic day (E69) of the 165-day gestation period in this species and steadily expands over the next 3 fetal months. Throughout this period, ipsilateral perfrontostriatal connections predominate, and only a small and variable amount of label is detectable over the contralateral neostriatum. A major feature of the developing corticostriatal projection is a transfiguration in the distribution of its terminals: from E69 to E95, cortical terminals are distributed uniformly among neostriatal neurons; beginning around E105, areas of higher and lower grain density begin to emerge until finally, by E133, 250- to 500-micrometers-wide circular and elliptically shaped label-free cores perforate a field of densely labeled cortical terminals as in the neostriatum of the adult monkey (Goldman, P. S., and W. J. H. Nauta (1977) J. Comp. Neurol. 171: 369-386). The cytoarchitectonic composition of the neostriatum also changes during gestation: from E69 through E95, the small postmitotic neurons of the immature neostriatum are packed densely and, for the most part, are distributed homogeneously; by E105, they become segregated into cellular islands consisting of densely packed neurons that are encapsulated by fiber-rich annuli and embedded in a matrix of less densely arrayed neurons. The shape and size of the islands in Nissl-stained sections correspond to label-free cores in autoradiograms of fetuses with cortical injections, while the surrounding annuli and adjacent matrix cells correspond to areas of dense accumulation of label. Thus, the formation of the corticostriatal projection in primates involves a transformation in the distribution of ingrowing terminals synchronized with changes in cellular organization of the neostriatum.
利用放射自显影技术追踪连接，对胎儿和新生恒河猴前额叶联合皮质至新纹状体输入的时间、半球偏侧性及终止方式进行了研究。此外，在选定的产前和产后年龄段的同一批及其他猴子的尼氏染色切片中，检查了新纹状体的细胞学成熟情况。在该物种165天妊娠期的第69天胚胎期（E69），一小批皮质纹状体轴突到达尾状核和壳核，并在接下来的3个胎儿月中稳步扩展。在整个这一时期，同侧前额叶-纹状体连接占主导，对侧新纹状体内仅能检测到少量且变化不定的标记。发育中的皮质纹状体投射的一个主要特征是其终末分布的转变：从E69到E95，皮质终末均匀分布于新纹状体神经元之间；大约从E105开始，高低颗粒密度区域开始出现，直到最终在E133时，250至500微米宽的圆形和椭圆形无标记核心穿透一个密集标记的皮质终末区域，如同成年猴子新纹状体中的情况（戈德曼，P.S.，和W.J.H.瑙塔（1977年）《比较神经学杂志》171: 369 - 386）。新纹状体的细胞构筑组成在妊娠期也发生变化：从E69到E95，未成熟新纹状体的小的有丝分裂后神经元密集排列，且在很大程度上均匀分布；到E105时，它们分离成由密集排列的神经元组成的细胞岛，这些细胞岛被富含纤维的环包围，并嵌入排列较稀疏的神经元基质中。尼氏染色切片中细胞岛的形状和大小与皮质注射胎儿放射自显影片中的无标记核心相对应，而周围的环和相邻的基质细胞则与标记密集积累的区域相对应。因此，灵长类动物皮质纹状体投射的形成涉及向内生长的终末分布的转变，这与新纹状体细胞组织的变化同步。
