Pagés Larraya F, Servy E, Marangunich L
Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat. 1981 Mar;27(1):15-27.
The ethnographic characteristics of the Chiriguanos allowed us to make up an experimental design to show the relationship between migration and mental pathology. The Chiriguanos are a South American ethnographic population characterized by a traditional migratory tendency. The Chiriguanos group is a resultant of the Tupi-Guaraní migrations. From the 15th century up to the 19th aboriginal guaraníes moved from the current area of Paraguay to the East zone of Bolivia; they conquered and mixed with the group that lived there and after that they resisted the European forces. The Chiriguanos history can be divided in different phases: 1) The establishment in the new zone; 2) The "Chiriguana war" with the dominant group; 3) The grouping with Franciscan missions and its community organization. This study of Transcultural Psychiatry can be considered as an ex post facto experiment in the field of Psychiatric Epidemiology. It allows us to analyse population phenomena related to changes in the prevalence of mental pathology. The facts presented in this report have been established thanks to the use of sampling techniques adequated to each population being studied (original and migratory groups): demographic structure, total fertility Grow's "evolutional intensity index", and mental prevalence rates in both groups. Differences in the biennial prevalence rates of mental morbidity were found. In the original Chiriguana community there is an evident "group endogamy"; on the contrary, the migratory groups integrated by individuals of different aboriginal culture, are really melting-pots, that originate a new genetic groupal structure. We have worked with human situations created by a natural social and cultural reality. We have worked with two ethnographic homogeneous populations, one of them stable and the other a migratory one. We intended to demonstrate: 1) migration changes the rates of mental pathology; 2) those changes are followed by changes in the genetic structure of the individuals.
奇里瓜诺人的人种志特征使我们能够制定一个实验设计，以展示迁移与精神病理学之间的关系。奇里瓜诺人是南美洲的一个人种志群体，其特点是具有传统的迁移倾向。奇里瓜诺人群体是图皮 - 瓜拉尼人迁移的结果。从15世纪到19世纪，原住民瓜拉尼人从现在的巴拉圭地区迁移到玻利维亚东部地区；他们征服了当地居民并与之融合，之后抵抗欧洲势力。奇里瓜诺人的历史可以分为不同阶段：1）在新地区的定居；2）与主导群体的“奇里瓜纳战争”；3）与方济各会传教团的联合及其社区组织。这项跨文化精神病学研究可被视为精神病流行病学领域的事后实验。它使我们能够分析与精神病理学患病率变化相关的人群现象。本报告中呈现的事实得益于对适合每个研究人群（原始群体和迁移群体）的抽样技术的运用：人口结构、总生育率、格罗的“进化强度指数”以及两组的精神患病率。发现了两组精神疾病两年患病率的差异。在原始的奇里瓜纳社区存在明显的“群体内婚制”；相反，由不同原住民文化的个体组成的迁移群体实际上是大熔炉，形成了新的基因群体结构。我们研究的是由自然社会和文化现实所创造的人类状况。我们研究了两个人种志同质的群体，其中一个稳定，另一个是迁移群体。我们旨在证明：1）迁移会改变精神病理学的发病率；2）这些变化会伴随着个体基因结构的改变。
