Vaillant G E
Am J Psychiatry. 1980 Feb;137(2):181-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.137.2.181.
The author reports a prospective study of the mental health and alcohol use of 184 men first studied during their college years. When the men were 50 years old a rater blind to all other data classified the subjects' alcohol use as little (N = 48), social (N = 110), or abuse (N = 26). The warmth of the men's childhood environment and their personality stability in college were assessed by other raters blind to data on subjects' lives after college. Vignettes identifying "oral" adult behavior (pessimism, self-doubt, passivity, and dependence) were collected for each man by a rater blind to subjects' alcohol use and childhood ratings. Poor childhood, personality instability in college, and adult evidence of personality disorder were correlated with oral-dependent behavior but not with alcohol abuse. The 26 problem drinkers seem to have been depressed and unable to cope as a consequence--not a cause--of their inability to control their alcohol consumption.
作者报告了一项对184名男性的心理健康和饮酒情况的前瞻性研究，这些男性在大学期间首次接受研究。当这些男性50岁时，一位对所有其他数据不知情的评估者将受试者的饮酒情况分为少量饮酒（N = 48）、社交性饮酒（N = 110）或酗酒（N = 26）。其他对受试者大学毕业后生活数据不知情的评估者评估了这些男性童年环境的温暖程度以及他们在大学期间的性格稳定性。一位对受试者饮酒情况和童年评估不知情的评估者为每位男性收集了识别“口欲期”成人行为（悲观、自我怀疑、被动和依赖）的短文。童年贫困、大学期间性格不稳定以及成人期人格障碍的证据与口欲期依赖行为相关，但与酗酒无关。这26名问题饮酒者似乎是由于无法控制饮酒量而抑郁且无法应对——这是结果而非原因。
