Johnson D K, Kroovand R L, Perlmutter A D
J Urol. 1980 Feb;123(2):232-3. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55874-7.
Cystoscopy is used too often in the pediatric patient and frequently is without diagnostic or therapeutic benefit to the child. Cystoscopy is of little proved benefit in the evaluation and treatment of recurrent cystitis, primary enuresis and most cases of hematuria. In children initially diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux therapeutic determinations generally can be made on the basis of response to appropriate antimicrobial therapy and from uroradiographic findings. Cystoscopy remains a valuable tool to evaluate urinary obstruction and severe congenital defects, such as intersex and cloacal anomalies, and to help place percutaneous suprapubic tubes for bladder cycling before urinary undiversion and for urodynamic evaluation.
膀胱镜检查在儿科患者中使用过于频繁，且对儿童往往没有诊断或治疗益处。膀胱镜检查在复发性膀胱炎、原发性遗尿症和大多数血尿病例的评估和治疗中，几乎没有已证实的益处。对于最初诊断为膀胱输尿管反流的儿童，治疗决策通常可基于对适当抗菌治疗的反应以及尿路造影检查结果做出。膀胱镜检查仍然是评估尿路梗阻和严重先天性缺陷（如两性畸形和泄殖腔畸形）的重要工具，并且有助于在尿路改道前为膀胱循环放置经皮耻骨上导管以及进行尿动力学评估。
