Emanuel F, Scarinzi A
J Commun Disord. 1980 Mar;13(2):121-31. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(80)90029-5.
This study was the second in a series designed to investigate the effects of vocal register (vocal, fry, modal, and falsetto) on the perceived roughness and spectral noise level of isolated test vowels. The first study (reported previously) was concerned with such effects on the phonations of adult females; in this study the phonations of adult males were investigated. Each of 15 male subjects produced at a controlled intensity each of two test vowels (/u/ and /ae/) in each of three vocal registers. Eleven listeners subsequently rated the test samples for roughness on a 5-point equal-appearing intervals scale. The criterion measure of roughness for each sample was the median of listener ratings (MRR). Each sample was also analyzed to produce its 3-Hz bandwidth acoustic spectrum from which measures of vowel spectral noise were obtained. The criterion measure of spectral noise level (SNL) for each test sample was the mean of 25 measures taken in the frequency range from 100 to 2600 Hz. The major finding was that the MRR and SNL for productions of both test vowels diminished significantly across vocal registers; i.e., from fry, to modal, to falsetto. In general, the present findings for males appeared consistent with those we reported earlier for phonations by adult females.
本研究是系列研究中的第二项，旨在探究发声音区（气声、低喉音、正常发声和假声）对孤立测试元音的粗糙度感知和频谱噪声水平的影响。第一项研究（先前已报道）关注的是对成年女性发声的此类影响；在本研究中，对成年男性的发声进行了调查。15名男性受试者在三种发声音区中的每一种音区下，以受控强度发出两个测试元音（/u/和/ae/）中的每一个。随后，11名听众按照5点等距量表对测试样本的粗糙度进行评分。每个样本粗糙度的标准测量值是听众评分的中位数（MRR）。对每个样本进行分析，以生成其3赫兹带宽的声谱，从中获得元音频谱噪声的测量值。每个测试样本频谱噪声水平（SNL）的标准测量值是在100至2600赫兹频率范围内获取的25个测量值的平均值。主要发现是，两个测试元音发声的MRR和SNL在不同发声音区中显著降低；即从低喉音到正常发声，再到假声。总体而言，目前男性的研究结果似乎与我们之前报道的成年女性发声的结果一致。
