Stevenson R E, Burton O M, Ferlauto G J, Taylor H A
JAMA. 1980 Apr 18;243(15):1549-51.
Prenatal exposure to oral anticoagulants during pregnancy may result in defective fetal development or life-threatening hemorrhage. Fetal exposure during the first eight weeks of pregnancy may cause abnormal development of the facial structures, hypoplastic digits, strippled epiphyses, and mental retardation. Midtrimester exposure may result in optic atrophy, faulty brain growth, and developmental retardation. Third-trimester exposure may produce fetal anticoagulation, predisposing the infant to life-threatening hemorrhage in the perinatal period. Anticoagulation with heparin sodium does not provide a clearly safe alternative, since this therapy has been associated with excessive fetal loss.
孕期产前接触口服抗凝剂可能导致胎儿发育缺陷或危及生命的出血。妊娠前八周接触胎儿可能会导致面部结构发育异常、指（趾）发育不全、骨骺发育不良和智力迟钝。孕中期接触可能会导致视神经萎缩、脑部生长异常和发育迟缓。孕晚期接触可能会导致胎儿抗凝，使婴儿在围产期易发生危及生命的出血。使用肝素钠进行抗凝并不能提供明确安全的替代方案，因为这种疗法与过多的胎儿丢失有关。
