Raabe O G, Book S A, Parks N J
Science. 1980 Apr 4;208(4439):61-4. doi: 10.1126/science.7361106.
Analysis of lifetime studies of 243 beagles with skeletal burdens of radium-226 shows that the distribution of bone cancers clusters about a linear function of the logarithms of radiation dose rate to the skeleton and time from exposure until death. Similar relations displaced by species-dependent response ratios also provide satisfactory descriptions of the reported data on deaths from primary bone cancers in people and mice exposed to radium-226. The median cumulative doses (or times) leading to death from bone tumors are 2.9 times larger for dogs than for mice and 3.6 times larger for people than for dogs. These response ratios are well correlated with the normal life expectancies. The cumulative radiation dose required to give significant risk of bone cancer is found to be much less at lower dose rates than at higher rates, but the time required for the tumors to be manifested is longer. At low dose rates, this time exceeds the normal life-span and appears as a practical threshold, which for bone cancer is estimated to occur at an average cumulative radiation dose to the skeleton of about 50 to 110 rads for the three species.
对243只镭 - 226骨骼负荷的比格犬进行的终生研究分析表明，骨癌的分布集中在骨骼辐射剂量率对数与从暴露到死亡的时间的线性函数周围。由物种依赖反应比所偏移的类似关系，也为暴露于镭 - 226的人和小鼠原发性骨癌死亡的报告数据提供了令人满意的描述。导致骨肿瘤死亡的中位累积剂量（或时间），狗比小鼠大2.9倍，人比狗大3.6倍。这些反应比与正常预期寿命密切相关。发现给予显著骨癌风险所需的累积辐射剂量在低剂量率下比高剂量率下要少得多，但肿瘤出现所需的时间更长。在低剂量率下，这段时间超过了正常寿命，表现为一个实际阈值，对于骨癌，估计这一阈值发生时，三种物种骨骼的平均累积辐射剂量约为50至110拉德。
